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| |
No (%) of Patients
| |
|---|
|
Variables
|
All Patients
|
Non-EMS
|
EMS
|
p-value*
|
|---|
| |
(n = 310)
|
(n = 181)
|
Ambulance without any life-support (n = 102)
|
Ambulance with life-support (n = 27)
| |
|---|
|
Age (mean ± SE)
|
59.2 ± 15.1
|
58.2 ± 14.9
|
59.2 ± 15.5
|
65.3 ± 13.2
|
0.07
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
205 (66.1)
|
117 (64.6)
|
71 (69.6)
|
17 (63.0)
|
0.65
|
|
Female
|
105 (33.9)
|
64 (35.4)
|
31 (30.4)
|
10 (37.0)
| |
|
Comorbid conditions
| | | | |
0.09
|
|
Cardiac
|
179 (57.7)
|
106 (58.6)
|
58 (56.9)
|
15 (55.6)
| |
|
Non cardiac
|
11 (3.5)
|
4 (2.2)
|
7 (6.9)
|
0 (0)
|
|
Both
|
23 (7.4)
|
13 (7.2)
|
5 (4.9)
|
5 (18.5)
|
|
None
|
97 (31.3)
|
58 (32.0)
|
32 (31.4)
|
7 (25.9)
|
|
Location of arrest
|
|
Residence
|
241 (77.7)
|
146 (80.7)
|
76 (74.5)
|
19 (70.4)
|
0.30
|
|
Public area
|
69 (22.3)
|
35 (19.3)
|
26 (25.5)
|
8 (29.6)
| |
|
Witnessed arrest
|
|
Yes
|
288 (92.9)
|
170 (93.9)
|
93 (91.2)
|
25 (92.6)
|
0.68
|
|
No
|
22 (7.1)
|
11 (6.1)
|
9 (8.8)
|
2 (7.4)
| |
|
Type of witness
| | | | | |
|
Layperson
|
284 (91.6)
|
170 (93.9)
|
90 (88.2)
|
24 (88.9)
|
0.15
|
|
Health care personnel
|
4 (1.3)
|
0 (0.0)
|
3 (2.9)
|
1 (3.7)
| |
|
None
|
22 (7.1)
|
11 (6.1)
|
9 (8.8)
|
2 (7.4)
| |
|
ROSC
|
|
Pre-hospital
|
1 (0.3)
|
0 (0.0)
|
0 (0.0)
|
1 (3.7)
|
0.006
|
|
Hospital
|
7 (2.3)
|
4 (2.2)
|
1 (1.0)
|
2 (7.4)
| |
|
No ROSC
|
302 (97.4)
|
177 (97.8)
|
101 (99.0)
|
24 (88.9)
| |
|
Outcomea(end of ED stay)
|
|
Alive
|
5 (1.6)
|
2 (1.1)
|
1 (1.0)
|
2 (7.4)
|
0.04
|
|
Dead
|
305 (98.4)
|
179 (98.9)
|
101 (99.0)
|
25 (92.6)
| |
-
Abbreviations: EMS emergency medical services, SE standard error, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, ED emergency department
- *Shows comparison between Non-EMS, EMS without any life-support interventions and EMS with life-support interventions
-
aIndicates outcomes on hospital admission
