Table 2 Characteristics of trauma, injuries and interventions during admission
|
Total N = 191 (%) | Patients with delirium N = 47 (%) |
Patients without delirium N = 144 (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy of trauma | ||||
| Low | 142 (74.3) | 34 (72.3) | 108 (75.0) | 0.72 |
| High | 49 (25.7) | 13 (27.7) | 36 (25.0) | |
| Injury Severity Score | ||||
| ISS < 16 | 157 (82.2) | 36 (76.6) | 121 (84.0) | 0.25 |
| ISS ≥ 16 | 34 (17.8) | 11 (23.4) | 23 (16.0) | |
| Rib fractures | ||||
| 1–2 | 62 (32.5) | 16 (34.0) | 46 (31.9) | 0.89 |
| 3–4 | 78 (40.8) | 18 (38.3) | 60 (41.7) | |
| ≥ 5 | 53 (27.7) | 14 (29.8) | 39 (27.1) | |
| Total, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 0.84 |
| Laterality of rib fractures | ||||
| Unilateral | 184 (96.3) | 44 (93.6) | 140 (97.2) | 0.37 |
| Bilateral | 7 (3.7) | 3 (6.4) | 4 (2.8) | |
| Additional intrathoracic injuries | ||||
| Haemothorax | 27 (14.1) | 10 (21.3) | 17 (11.8) | 0.11 |
| Pneumothorax | 34 (17.8) | 13 (27.7) | 21 (14.6) | 0.042 |
| Flail chest | 9 (4.7) | 5 (10.6) | 4 (2.8) | 0.042 |
| Lung contusion | 16 (8.4) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (7.6) | 0.55 |
| VAS and analgesics | ||||
| VAS at admission, median (IQR)a | 5 (3.25–6) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–6.5) | 0.14 |
| Oral paracetamol | 188 (98.4) | 47 (100) | 141 (97.9) | 1.00 |
| Oral paracetamol + opioids | 162 (84.8%) | 37 (78.7) | 130 (90.3) | 0.038 |
| PCA pump | 52 (27.2) | 18 (38.3) | 34 (23.6) | 0.050 |
| Epidural | 45 (23.6) | 15 (31.9) | 30 (20.8) | 0.12 |
| Interventions | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 75 (39.3) | 34 (72.3) | 41 (28.5) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 12 (6.3) | 6 (12.8) | 6 (4.2) | 0.075 |
| Chest tube | 28 (14.7) | 11 (23.4) | 17 (11.8) | 0.051 |
| Lung physiotherapist | 162 (84.8) | 39 (83.0) | 123 (85.4) | 0.69 |
| Consultation of pulmonologist | 50 (26.2) | 21 (44.7) | 29 (20.1) | 0.001 |
| Consultation of geriatrician | 85 (44.5) | 42 (89.4) | 43 (29.9) | < 0.001 |
| Unplanned ICU admission | 34 (17.8) | 18 (38.3) | 16 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery | 10 (5.2) | 5 (10.6) | 5 (3.5) | 0.068 |
| Median ASA score | 3 | |||
| Operation time (minutes, min –max) | 49–231 | |||
| Blood loss (cc, min –max) | 10–1000 | |||
| Preoperative anaemic patients | 5 (50) | |||
| Postoperative anaemic patients | 8 (80) | |||