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Fig. 3 | BMC Emergency Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Lower maximum forces on oral structures when using gum-elastic bougie than when using endotracheal tube and stylet during both direct and indirect laryngoscopy by novices: a crossover study using a high-fidelity simulator

Fig. 3

Comparison of maximum applied forces on tongue by each laryngoscope and airway adjunct. Column scatter plots representing the data distribution (circles), mean (horizontal bar), and standard deviation (vertical bar). The P values were derived from two-way analysis of variance. n = 209 in each group. DL: direct laryngoscope; ETI: endotracheal intubation; GEB: gum-elastic bougie; VL: video laryngoscope

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BMC Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1471-227X

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