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Table 3 Frequency of core themes occurring within the structured judgement reviews, divided according to the overall judgement of avoidability. Patients may have been exposed to more than one theme

From: Consequences of the emergency response to COVID-19: a whole health care system review in a single city in the United Kingdom

Theme Avoidability score
1–3 (> 50% avoidable) 4–5 (< 50% avoidable) 6 (not avoidable)
TOTAL 38 151 461
Below optimal care 10 40 126
Delay in testing 8 32 99
Delay in Accessing care 11 29 20
Capacity Issues (community services) 2 3 3
Exposure to COVID-19 1 19 129
Delay in Response 1 15 16
COVID-19 on MCCD without diagnosis 1 2 47
Communication Barrier 1 2  
Advised to Self-Isolate 1 1 2
Potential Misdiagnosis 1   5
Patient refusal to go to ED 1   
Transfer to IMC no testing   5 3
Sudden Death   1 8
Remote consultation   1  
Self-Discharge   1  
Delay in COVID-19 Swab Results    1
Family Insistence on transfer to ED    1
Hospital Acquired Infection    1
  1. Key: MCCD medical certificate of cause of death, ED emergency department, IMC intermediate care